TASK ONE: WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT?

Access the resources below and write a summary explaining the multi-dimensional aspects of human development.

TASK TWO: GLOBALISATION THEORY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1. Watch the tutorial detailing globalisation theory.

2. Annotate a blank world map to explain all of the theoretical perspectives mentioned.

3. Read and summarise the text on dependency theory

DEPENDENCY THEORY & MODERNISATION THEORY

Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the "world system".

This theory was officially developed in the late 1960s following World War II, as scholars searched for the root issue in the lack of development in Latin America. The theory arose as a reaction to modernisation theory, an earlier theory of development which held that all societies progress through similar stages of development, that today's underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of today's developed areas at some time in the past, and that, therefore, the task of helping the underdeveloped areas out of poverty is to accelerate them along this supposed common path of development, by various means such as investment, technology transfers, and closer integration into the world market.

Dependency theory rejected this view, arguing that underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of developed countries, but have unique features and structures of their own; and, importantly, are in the situation of being the weaker members in a world market economy. Dependency theory no longer has many proponents as an overall theory, though some writers have argued for its continuing relevance as a conceptual orientation to the global division of wealth. (Source)

TASK THREE: GLOBALISATION, THE UN SDGs & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Why create universal goals for human development? How might they help social progress? With reference to the SDGs below, explain how globalisation might contribute to each of the SDGs below.

TASK FOUR: HOW SDGS CONTRIBUTE TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Watch the TED talk and make detailed notes on how the SDGs contribute to development

TASK FIVE: SOCIAL PROGRESS PATTERNS

Explore the webpage below. Outline how social progress is measured and comment on global patterns.

TASK SIX: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF SDGS

Watch the video and write an extended paragraph answering the question: to what extent have the SDGs been a success?

TASK SEVEN: SDG STATUS

1. Read pp 570-571

2. Create a slideshow detailing the 2015 status in relation the SDGs

3. Include an image of the SDG with bullet point info on the side

4. Save/print this as a slide handout for future revision

EXAM PRACTICE

“The rich get richer but the poor get poorer as a result of global interactions.” Discuss this statement. [16 marks]

Consider how you could refer to globalisation theory to answer this question.

Reflect on the aspects of human development learned in the previous lesson. What other examples of data could be used to measure human development?

Complete the writing frame using the resources on this page.

TASK 1: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Reliability and validity are concepts used to evaluate the quality of research. They indicate how well a method, technique or test measures something.

Reliability is about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure.

Write a brief paragraph comparing and contrasting validity and reliability. Use examples from the article to explain how indicators may not be reliable.

TASK 2: SINGLE vs COMPOSITE INDICATORS

Watch the video below and explain what a composite indicators is and why they are more useful than single indexes.

TASK 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

Open the page and explain the strengths and limitations of the HDI.

TASK 4: GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX

How is it measured?

GII is a composite metric of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. A low GII value indicates low inequality between women and men, and vice-versa.

EMPOWERING WOMEN

TASK 1: Watch the videos and explain how the UNCDF attempts to close the development gap through enabling capital flows in the world’s Least Developed Countries (LDCs).

The UN Capital Development Fund makes public and private finance work for the poor in the world’s 47 least developed countries (LDCs). UNCDF offers “last mile” finance models that unlock public and private resources, especially at the domestic level, to reduce poverty and support local economic development.

WOMEN’S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN THE MEKONG

TASK 2: Explore the SHIFT programme in the Mekong region and create a publicity poster which promotes the organisation and explains how it closes the development gap.

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE & MINORITY GROUPS

TASK 3: Illustrate each of the challenges described below

Despite the immense diversity of indigenous cultures, the challenges confronting indigenous peoples are often strikingly alike. Several issues come to the forefront across the continents:

• In addition to facing discrimination due to their ethnicity, members of indigenous communities often belong to linguistic minorities, causing hardship in education, employment and everyday life.

• Many lands once belonging to indigenous peoples have been encroached upon and settled by newcomers. With little legal protection, indigenous peoples can rarely recover the lands they traditionally occupied.

• Indigenous communities are often situated in remote, rural areas, where they lack infrastructure and access to larger markets.

• Indigenous communities have also played a historically important role in environmental protection. Traditional livelihoods in indigenous communities may depend upon plant and animal species and other parts of fragile ecosystems. Environmental damage therefore often most severely impacts their economies.

• Land reform and property laws have restricted many nomadic indigenous groups, often making their traditional occupations untenable.

• As they are often marginalized, even where they might constitute a national majority group, most indigenous and tribal peoples lack clout in national and even local government, and their interests and needs are often ignored by decision-makers.

• Years of discrimination have cast many indigenous people into poverty, thus further damaging their chances at empowerment and opportunities to improve their situation. (Source)

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIGENOUS WOMEN

TASK 4: Read the text and summarise the challenges.

The intersection of ethnic and gender identities means that indigenous women often face multiple discrimination. Frequently excluded from decision-making at all levels, indigenous women number among the world’s most disadvantaged people.

Even in those indigenous societies where women were historically empowered, drastic changes in economic and political structures in recent decades have eroded women’s traditional opportunities for financial independence. The hardship caused by the destruction of traditional industries has often fallen unduly on women, robbing them of social safety nets and opportunities for employment. Indigenous women often face disproportionately high mortality rates, low literacy rates and high levels of poverty.

EMPOWERING INDIGENOUS WOMEN IN BOLIVIA AND GUATEMALA

TASK 5: Watch the video below and create a mind map explaining how the International Labour Organisation (ILO) support women indigenous groups in Bolivia and Guatemala.

As a result of exclusion and discrimination, indigenous women are often the poorest of the poor. They struggle more to find decent work.

In Bolivia and Guatemala, the ILO and its partners are working to advance the rights of indigenous women, empower them economically and help them attain social justice (Source).

PLENARY: EXAM PRACTICE

With reference to examples, explain 3 attempts to support human development for women and minority groups. [2 + 2 + 2 marks]

Social entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals, startups and entrepreneurs develop and fund solutions that directly address social issues. A social entrepreneur, therefore, is a person who explores business opportunities that have a positive impact on their community, in society or the world.

MICROFINANCE ORGANISATIONS

Microfinance is a category of financial services targeting individuals and small businesses who lack access to conventional banking and related services. Microfinance includes microcredit, the provision of small loans to poor clients; savings and checking accounts; microinsurance; and payment systems, among other services. Microfinance services are designed to reach excluded customers, usually poorer population segments, possibly socially marginalized, or geographically more isolated, and to help them become self-sufficient.

Explain how the Grameen bank works and its role in development in Bangladesh.

 FAIRTRADE

Outline how Fairtrade helps to reduce the development gap.

Fair trade is an alternative trading model that seeks to promote more equitable and sustainable trade relationships between producers in developing countries and consumers in developed countries. The fair trade movement aims to ensure that producers receive fair prices for their goods, have decent working conditions, and are able to invest in their communities.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of CSR. Outline how Starbucks attempts to contribute to social progress.